11 October 2017:
北美更年期学会(NAMS)年会
Presentation on approaches for evaluating diagnostic and treatment options
If you're postmenopausal, you shouldn't be bleeding. The very definition of menopause is having gone more than 12 months without a period. So if you're still bleeding, something is wrong. Determining the seriousness of the problem and treating it, is not always evident.
许多情况可能导致绝经后出血。其中一些疾病几乎没有健康后果,而另一些则可能导致某种癌症。子宫内膜癌是美国最常见的妇科癌。2017年,将发生60,000多例这种癌症,估计造成10,470例死亡。阴道出血是超过90%的绝经后妇女患有子宫内膜癌的主要症状,尽管大多数绝经后妇女出血的原因会更加良性,例如阴道壁或子宫内衬变薄,导致激素波动的结果水平。根据危险因素,绝经后出血的女性中有1-14%的女性将患有子宫内膜癌。
With such high stakes, there is a need to establish a standard of care that strives for 100% accuracy in correctly diagnosing the cause of the bleeding. In the past 25 years, the standard has changed substantially as new diagnostic techniques have been introduced, although no single method has proven appropriate for all patients.